Until her recent retirement Pat was a Senior Lecturer in history and education at the Institute of Education, Manchester Metropolitan University. Her main research interests lie in the teaching of time and chronology and the links between language and history in the primary school. She has written a number of papers for journals, and published book on primary history. She has also acted as a consultant for the QCA, CBBC and Mixicolore. Elaine McCreery is a Senior Lecturer specialising in religious education at the Institute of Education, Manchester Metropolitan /par1/University. Paul Bowen is a Senior Lecturer specialising in history at the Institute of Education, Manchester Metropolitan /par1/University. Sue Bermingham works as a Senior Lecturer at the Institute of Education, Manchester Metropolitan University teaching on initial teacher education and training courses. She specialises in geography.